The Active Directory Database is Stored in%SYSTEM ROOT% NDTS folder. The active directory uses the sysvol folder as well The file is called as ntds.dit. Along with this file there are other files also present in this folder. The files are created when you run dcpromo. The list of files and use of those files are listed below 1. Ntds.dit: This is the main database file for active directory.

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Edb.log: When a transaction performed to ad database, like writing some data first the data will be stored to this file. And after that it will be sent to database. So the system performance will be depends on how this data from edb.log file will be written to ntds.dit 3. Res1.log: Used as reserve space in the case when drive had low space. It is basically 10MB in size and creted when we run dcpromo. Res2.log: Same as res1.log. It is also 10MB in size and the purspose also same.

Edb.chk: This file records the transactions committed to ad database. During shutdown, shutdown statement is written to this file. If it is not found when the system rebooted, the ad database tries to check with edb.log for the updated information. Edb corruption or Edb active directory corruption is really serious.

However you can get this repaired by using edb repair tool. The Active Directory Database is Stored in%SYSTEM ROOT% NDTS folder. The active directory uses the sysvol folder as well. The Active Directory ESE database, NTDS.DIT, consists of the following tables:  . Schema table the types of objects that can be created in the Active Directory, relations hips between them, and the optional and mandatory attributes on each type of object. This table is fairly static and much smaller than the data table.

. Link table contains linked attributes, which contain values referring to other objects in the Active Directory. Take the MemberOf attribute on a user object.

That attribute contains values that reference groups to which the user belongs. This is also far smaller than the data table.

. Data table users, groups, application-specific data, and any other data stored in the Active Directory. The data table can be thought of as having rows where each row represents an instance of an object such as a user, and columns where each column represents an attribute in the schema such as GivenName.

The NTDS.DIT This is the main AD database. NTDS stands for NT Directory Services. The DIT stands for Directory Information Tree. The Ntds.dit file on a particular domain co ntroller contains all naming contexts hosted by that domain controller, including the Configuration and Schema naming contexts. A Global Catalog server stores the partial naming context replicas in the Ntds.dit right along with the full Domain naming context for its domain.

Windows 2000 Active Directory data store, the actual database file, is%SystemRoot% ntds NTDS.DIT. The ntds.dit file is the heart of Active Directory including user accounts. Active Directory's database engine is the Extensible Storage Engine ( ESE ) which is based on the Jet database used by Exchange 5.5 and WINS. The ESE has the capability to grow to 16 terabytes which would be large enough for 10 million objects. Back to the real world. Only the Jet database can maniuplate information within the AD datastore.

For information on domain controller configuration to optimize Active Directory, see Optimize Active Directory Disk Performance The Active Directory ESE database, NTDS.DIT, consists of the following tables:. Schema table the types of objects that can be created in the Active Directory, relationships between them, and the optional and mandatory attributes on each type of object. This table is fairly static and much smaller than the data table. Link table contains linked attributes, which contain values referring to other objects in the Active Directory. Take the MemberOf attribute on a user object. That attribute contains values that reference groups to which the user belongs. This is also far smaller than the data table.

Data table users, groups, application-specific data, and any other data stored in the Active Directory. The data table can be thought of as having rows where each row represents an instance of an object such as a user, and columns where each column represents an attribute in the schema such as GivenName. From a different perspective, Active Directory has three types of data. Schema information definitional details about objects and attributes that one CAN store in the AD.

Replicates to all domain controllers. Static in nature. Configuration information configuration data about forest and trees. Replicates to all domain controllers.

Static as your forest is. Domain information object information for a domain. Replicates to all domain controllers within a domain. The object portion becomes part of Global Catalog. The attribute values (the actual bulk of data) only replicates within the domain. Although GUIDs are unique, they are large. AD uses distinguished name tag ( DNT ).

DNT is a 4-byte DWORD value which is incremented when a new object is created in the store. The DNT represents the object's database row number. It is an example of a fixed column. Each object's parent relationship is stored as a parent distinguished name tag ( PDNT ). Resolution of parent-child relationships is optimized because the DNT and PDNT are indexed fields in the database.

For more technical info on the AD datastore and its organization, a good starting point is the Active Directory Database Sizing document. The size of ntds.dit will often be different sizes across the domain controllers in a domain. Remember that Active Directory is a multi-master independent model where updates are occuring in each of the ADs with the changes being replicated over time to the other domain controllers. The changed data is replicated between domain controllers, not the database, so there is no guarantee that the files are going to be the same size across all domain controllers. There is a plenty of options available. Active Directory Users and Computers (from Administrative Tools) 2. Dsadd user - command line tool (see the dsadd user help in command line window) 3.

CSVDE.EXE - command line tool to import/create the users using CSV file 4. LDIFDE.EXE - command line tool to import/create the users using LDF file (not very convenient for this). And additionaly there exist many scripts in various scripting languages. There can be also some GUI-based tools downloaded. Regards Martin Babarik MCT, MCSE, MCSA, MCITP, MCTS, MCITP, MCDST, MCP, CEH, CTT+, Security+, Network+. We can take backup with NTBackup utility. Active Directory is backed up as part of system state, a collection of system components that depend on each other.

You must back up and restore system state components together. Components that comprise the system state on a domain controller include:. System Start-up Files (boot files). These are the files required for Windows 2000 Server to start. System registry. Class registration database of Component Services. The Component Object Model (COM) is a binary standard for writing component software in a distributed systems environment.

The system volume provides a default Active Directory location for files that must be shared for common access throughout a domain. The SYSVOL folder on a domain controller contains:. NETLOGON shared folders. These usually host user logon scripts and Group Policy objects (GPOs) for non-Windows 2000based network clients. User logon scripts for Windows 2000 Professional based clients and clients that are running Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows NT 4.0. Windows 2000 GPOs.

File system junctions. File Replication service (FRS) staging directories and files that are required to be available and synchronized between domain controllers. Active Directory. Active Directory includes:.

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Ntds.dit: The Active Directory database. Edb.chk: The checkpoint file. Edb.log: The transaction logs, each 10 megabytes (MB) in size.

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Res1.log and Res2.log: Reserved transaction logs.